Ranchi
Ranchi is the capital of the Indian
state of Jharkhand, and its third most populous city of the state. Ranchi was
the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the
tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, western West Bengal & the
eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh. The Jharkhand state was
formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur
and Santhal Parganas.
The name Ranchi is derived from the
previous name of the Oraon village at the same site, Archi. “Archi” derives
from the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an
altercation with a spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave. The
spirit shouted archi, archi, archi and vanished. Archi became Rachi, which
became Ranchi. One of the historically significant neighbourhoods of Rachi is
Doranda. Doranda lies between the Hinoo (Bhusur) & Harmoo Rivers, where the
civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj were
destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny. Ranchi has been selected as
one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM
Narendra Modi’s flagship Smart Cities Mission.
Geography
Ranchi lies at 23°22′N 85°20′E near
to the Tropic of Cancer. Its municipal area is 175.12 square kilometers, and
its average elevation is 651 m above sea level. Ranchi is located in the
southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, which is the eastern section of the
Deccan plateau. Ranchi is known as the “City of Waterfalls” because of its
numerous waterfalls, the most well known of which are Dassam Falls, Hundru
Falls, Jonha Falls, Hirni Falls, and Panchghagh Falls. The Subarnarekha river
and its tributaries like Jumar constitute the local river system. The channels
Kanke, Rukka and Hatia have been dammed to create reservoirs that supply water
for sanitation, drinking to the majority of the population. Ranchi has a hilly
topography and its dense tropical forests a combination that produces a
relatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. However due to
the uncontrolled afforestation, and development of the city, the average
temperature has increased. During the period of British rule, it was accorded a
‘hill station’ status. Since that time, rapid population growth and
industrialization have caused a marked change in its weather patterns and an
increase in average temperature. This has resulted in gradual loss of its
eligibility for “hill station” status.
Climate
Although Ranchi has a humid
subtropical climate, its location and the forests surrounding it combine to
produce the unusually pleasant climate for which it’s known. Its climate is the
primary reason why Ranchi was once the summer capital of the undivided State of
Bihar and was designated a preferable “hill station”. Summer temperatures range
from 20 °C to 42 degrees, winter temperatures from 0 °C to 25 degrees. December
and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing
point in some areas. The annual rainfall is about 1430 mm (56.34 inches). From
June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm. The Köppen Climate
Classification subtype for this climate is “Cwa”(Humid Subtropical Climate).
Ranchi : Population (Census-2011)
An official Census 2011
detail of Ranchi,
a district of Jharkhand has been released by Directorate of Census Operations
in Jharkhand. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in
Ranchi District of Jharkhand.
Actual
Population 2,912,022
Male 1,493,376
Female 1,418,646
Area
Sq. Km 5,231
Density/km2
557
Proportion to Jharkhand Population 8.83%
Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 950
Child Sex Ratio (0-6
Age) 937
Average Literacy 77.13
Male Literacy 85.63
Female Literacy 68.20
Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 388,052
Male Population (0-6
Age) 200,327
Female Population (0-6
Age) 187,725
Literates 1,946,738
Male Literates 1,107,238
Female Literates 839,488
Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 13.33%
Boys Proportion (0-6
Age) 13.41%
Girls Proportion (0-6
Age) 13.23%
Administrative Structure
Administrative
Division
|
Ranchi
|
No. of Sub-Division
|
02
|
No. of Revenue Blocks
|
14
|
No of Educational Block
|
18
|
Municipal Corporation
|
01
|
Municipality
|
01
|
No. of Panchayats
|
305
|
No. of Revenue Villages
|
2740
|
No. of Ward
|
55
|
No. of Habitations
|
7115
|
Educatioal Block in Ranchi
SL.
No.
|
Block
|
SL.No.
|
Block
|
01
|
Kanke
|
10
|
Ormanjhi
|
02
|
Ratu
|
11
|
Angara
|
03
|
Burmu
|
12
|
Silli
|
04
|
Mandar
|
13
|
Rahe
|
05
|
Chanho
|
14
|
Sonahatu
|
06
|
Itki
|
15
|
Tamar
|
07
|
Nagri
|
16
|
Bundu
|
08
|
Bero
|
17
|
Namkum
|
09
|
Lapung
|
18
|
Khalari
|
